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Gerardus Heymans (17 April 1857, Ferwert – 18 February 1930, Groningen) was a Dutch philosopher, psychologist, a follower of Gustav Fechner's idea of psychic monism, and from 1890 to 1927 a Professor at Groningen University.〔(''Gerard Heymans (1857-1930) Founder of psychology in the Netherlands'' ). University of Groningen.〕 His thought was influenced by the work of the Russian philosopher African Spir.〔''Lettres inédites de African Spir au professeur Penjon. Introduction de Émile Bréhier''. Éditions du Griffon Neuchatel, 1948, p.231. (See Note 1.)〕〔French original text (p.231):'' "G Heymans – ce dernier déclara plus tard, que Spir avait exercé naguère une réelle influence sur la formation de sa pensée" ''; English translation: '' "G Heymans – this last declared later, that Spir had exercised a real influence on the shaping of his thought". ''〕 ==Academic career== Heymans studied law and philosophy in Leiden University under Jan Pieter Land, Simon Vissering and Joannes Buys. He passed his exams in public law on 23 October 1879 and on 29 June 1880 he was awarded a PhD on a dissertation in Political Economics "Karakter en methode der staathuishoudkunde". He continued his philosophical studies in Germany where a year later he earned a second D.Phil degree on a subject on Ethics.〔Heymans, G. (1882) ''Zur Kritik des Utilismus''. Altenburg.〕 In 1900 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, he resigned in 1919. His student Johannes Jacobus Poortman could not agree with his monistic point of view and formulated the concept of hylic pluralism (in Dutch ''hylisch pluralisme''). On June 11, 1944, the Heymans-Genootschap, an organisation for the continuation of his work, was established. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gerardus Heymans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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